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Syria

Sūriya, Syrian Arab Republic, Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Arabiyyah as-Sūriyyah

Last modified: 2022-06-25 by ian macdonald
Keywords: syria | syrian arab republic | suriyya | al-jumhuriyya al-’arabiyya as-suriyya | president | stars: 2 (green) | ba’ath party | politics | arab league | league of arab states |
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2:3 image by Eugene Ipavec, 31 May 2007

Official Name: الجمهورية العربية السورية [Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Arabiyyah as-Sūriyyah], Syrian Arab Republic
Short Form: سوريا or سورية [Sūriya], Syria
Flag Adopted: 1958 (abandoned 1961, readopted 30 Mar 1980)
Coat of Arms Adopted: unknown

• Introduction
• National Flag at the London 2012 Olympics
• Meaning of the Colours
• Vertical Flag
• Flag Variants
• Presidential Flag
• Military Flags
• Syria Civil Defense (White Helmets)
• Aircraft Markings
• Syrian Air
• Subnational Flags:
  • Damascus Governorate (Muhafazah Dimashq)
  • Al Hasakah Governorate (Muhafazah Al Hasakah)
  • Jarabulus
  • Raqqa Civil Council
• Historical Flags:
  • Historical Flags – Overview
  • Historical Flags until 1932
  • Historical Flags since 1932
• Political Entities:
  • Ansar al-Islam
  • Ba'ath Party
  • European Solidarity Front for Syria
  • Fawj al-Imam al-Hujja
  • Golan Liberation Brigade
  • Junud al-Sham
  • Levant Front
  • National Salvation Council
  • Syrian Communist Party
  • Syrian Democratic Forces
  • Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement
  • Syrian Islamic Front
  • Syrian Turkmen Assembly
  • Syrian Turkmen National Bloc
  • Syrian Social Nationalist Party (Lebanon)
  • Democratic Union Party (Kurdish)
  • Jabhat al Nusra / Hayat Tahrir al-Sham
    • Khorasan group
  • Syrian Revolutionaries Front
• Syrian Civil War (2011- onwards)
• Ethnic and Cultural Groups:
  • Druze
  • Syriac-Aramaic People
  • Syrian Turks and Azeris
• Educational Institutions:
  • Al Jazeera Private University (Jazeera University Deir Ezzor)
  • International University for Science & Technology (Oum El Qusur)
• NGOs:
  • Syrian Environmental Association
  • Syrian Arab Red Crescent
• Houseflags of Shipping Companies:
  • Samin Line
  • Al Fadel Shipping
• Teshreen Sport Club (Latakia)
• Syrian Olympic Committee
• Unidentified flags seen in Syria
• Lebanese-Syrian Flag

• United Arab Republic (Egypt & Syria, 1958 – 1961)
• Federation of Arab Republics (Egypt, Libya & Syria, 1972 – 1977)
• Municipalities in the Golan Heights Occupied Territories (Israel)
• Syriac Orthodox Church
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party (Lebanon)
• League of Arab States (Arab League)
• Pan-Arab Colours
• Kurdistan
• Flags of Neighboring Countries:
  • Iraq
  • Israel
  • Jordan
  • Lebanon
  • Turkey

• Subnational flags: Syria at Dirk Schönberger's Administrative Divisions of the World website
• Universities of Syria/Lebanon

There are quite a lot of flags in Syria: not only on official buildings you always find the national flag and mostly the Ba'ath Party flag, but also on private buildings. In the Suqs there are lines with many little flags, often alternating the national flag and the Ba'ath Party flag. However, there are certainly some regional differences: In Damascus you see a lot of flags, also in the Suq; in the second-largest city, Aleppo, there are no flags in the Suq, but there are Islamic writings (for example the Shahada, as in the Saudi flag) hanging from the lines just as the little flags in the Damascus Suq; in Homs you can see the little triangular flags; in the parts along the Euphrates, for example near Der-ez-Zor, I saw some national flags without stars. However, there seem to be no regional flags or city flags.
M. Schmöger, 01 May 1997

National Flag at the London 2012 Olympics

The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [loc12]) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be.
For Syria: PMS 032 red, 355 green and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.
Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012

[Ed.: see also Pan-Arab Colours for a historical explanation of the colours.]
Red symbolizes the struggle and sacrifice for freedom; white signifies peace; and black stands for the dark colonial past.
Source: [Crampton 1985.
Jarig Bakker, 21 Jul 1999

4:1

Besides the normal horizontal usage of the flag you can see it displayed vertically as well, be it painted on a wall or hanging on a building. The vertical examples are usually quite long (proportions from 3:1 up to 8:1). M. Schmöger, 01 May 1997

The national flag of Syria, as we know, is shown in a lot of different variants in Syria. There are four main variables in which individual flags can differ from one another.

• The first variable is proportion: this should be 2:3, but you can see 1:2 as well:

  image by M. Schmöger

• The second variable is orientation of stars: they can point upwards (as in the FOTW Syrian flag), downwards, to the hoist or to the fly:

  image by M. Schmöger	image by M. Schmöger	image by M. Schmöger

• The third variable is size of stars: sometimes they have only the size of a third or a fifth of a stripe width:

  image by M. Schmöger	image by M. Schmöger

• The fourth variable is location of stars: above they are spaced one third of the flag length from each other, but you can see them spaced a half of the flag length from each other as well:

  image by M. Schmöger

• Furthermore, I also saw flags without any stars:

  image by M. Schmöger

M. Schmöger, 01 May 1997

As a Syrian, please allow me to make a correction. The variation of the flag without the two stars does not exist; this would be the flag of Yemen.
Moaz Marouf, 10 Oct 2000

A swallowtailed variant, depicted on a Syrian National Olympic Committee pin (photo):

image by Eugene Ipavec

Eugene Ipavec, 31 Sep 2007

[During the 2005 Lebanon protests] I heard on the radio of a "Syrian flag with the Lebanese cedar added in the middle."
Ivan Sache, 10 Mar 2005

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